Y-27632 is widely used as a specific inhibitor of the Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) family. It has been found to prevent dissociation-induced apoptosis in human embryonic stem cells and enhance the survival and cloning efficiency of dissociated hES cells without affecting their self-renewal properties or pluripotency. Y-27632 can also enhance survival during the transplantation of ES cell-derived neural precursors.